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zh-cn:howto:debug [2026/10/04 17:57] – Add deprecation banner epetrigliazh-cn:howto:debug [2026/11/06 04:12] (current) – removed kevinbowen
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-====== 调试 Xfce ====== 
  
-<note warning>We are deprecating the localised wiki.xfce.org pages in favour of the official documentation, which is always kept up to date. This page will be deleted on 1 November 2026. A copy will be preserved on archive.org for historical purposes.</note> 
- 
-当然，我们都知道 Xfce 是 bugfree and stable as a rock。所以这份 HOWTO 没啥存在的理由。 
- 
-可是，一些（yet）未知的原因，会引起应用程序崩溃。我们不确定这些神奇事件的源头。有些人亲眼目睹 Rodents 的存在，这中间可能有些联系，但不确切。 
- 
-不管怎样，如果有神秘事件发生，这一种可以帮助开发都解决问题的手段： 
-===== 确认崩溃 ===== 
-当应用程序崩溃时，它通常会由于 SIG_SEGV 信号，或段错误退出。这意味着该操作系统检测到应用程序试图访问不允许访问的内存块（段）。操作系统向应用程序发送信号，从而引起应用程序立即中止。 
- 
-如果应用程序从终端启动，输出可能像下面这样： 
-<code> 
-stephan@hermes:~$ ristretto 
-段错误 
-stephan@hermes:~$ 
-</code> 
- 
-这条消息只是简短的描述，让我们尝试找出它崩溃的原因。 
- 
-===== 在调试器中运行程序 ===== 
-要找出应用程序为什么崩溃，首先要在调试器中运行它。 GNU/Linux 上最常用的调试器是 gdb（GNU 调试器）。 
- 
-使用 gdb ，你只用从命令行里启动它，把要调试应用程序作为它第一个参数，看下面的例子： 
-<code> 
-stephan@hermes:~$ gdb ristretto  
-GNU gdb (GDB) 7.3-debian 
-Copyright (C) 2011 Free Software Foundation, Inc. 
-License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later <http://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html> 
-This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it. 
-There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.  Type "show copying" 
-and "show warranty" for details. 
-This GDB was configured as "x86_64-linux-gnu". 
-For bug reporting instructions, please see: 
-<http://www.gnu.org/software/gdb/bugs/>... 
-Reading symbols from /usr/local/bin/ristretto...done. 
-(gdb)  
-</code> 
- 
-现在 gdb 是启动了，但应用程序还没有做任何事情。 
-要启动的应用程序，键入''run''，一些你可能想给应用程序的参数，然后按''Enter''。 
- 
-现在，如果应用程序没有立即崩溃，你可以看到它启动了并且调试器里出现几行字。（见下面的例子） 
-<code> 
-... 
-(gdb) run 
-Starting program: /usr/local/bin/ristretto  
-[Thread debugging using libthread_db enabled] 
-</code> 
- 
-现在，执行让应用程序崩溃所需的动作。下一步的调试器看起来像这样： 
-<code> 
-(gdb) run 
-Starting program: /usr/local/bin/ristretto  
-[Thread debugging using libthread_db enabled] 
-[New Thread 0x7fffe5780700 (LWP 26386)] 
- 
-Program received signal SIGSEGV, Segmentation fault. 
-0x00000000004206f9 in rstto_monitor_chooser_paint (widget=0x6f1d60) 
-    at monitor_chooser.c:300 
-warning: Source file is more recent than executable. 
-300                 if (monitor->width > monitor->height) 
-(gdb)  
-</code> 
- 
-当然，应用程序的不同，或 bug 的不同会有不同的输出，所以如果输出不一样不用担心。 
- 
-下一步是得到一个所谓的“回溯”（backtrace）。回溯可以追踪到导致应用程序崩溃的流程： 
-<code> 
-(gdb) backtrace 
-#0  0x00000000004206f9 in rstto_monitor_chooser_paint (widget=0x6f1d60) 
-    at monitor_chooser.c:300 
-#1  0x00000000004204b2 in rstto_monitor_chooser_expose (widget=0x6f1d60,  
-    event=0x7fffffffc9b0) at monitor_chooser.c:235 
-#2  0x00007ffff78dc418 in ?? () 
-   from /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgtk-x11-2.0.so.0 
-#3  0x00007ffff5d1f03e in g_closure_invoke () from /usr/lib/libgobject-2.0.so.0 
-#4  0x00007ffff5d2fced in ?? () from /usr/lib/libgobject-2.0.so.0 
-#5  0x00007ffff5d3944b in g_signal_emit_valist () 
-   from /usr/lib/libgobject-2.0.so.0 
-#6  0x00007ffff5d39832 in g_signal_emit () from /usr/lib/libgobject-2.0.so.0 
-#7  0x00007ffff79f5301 in ?? () 
-   from /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgtk-x11-2.0.so.0 
-#8  0x00007ffff78dac30 in gtk_main_do_event () 
-   from /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgtk-x11-2.0.so.0 
-#9  0x00007ffff752db0c in ?? () 
-   from /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgdk-x11-2.0.so.0 
-#10 0x00007ffff752dabb in ?? () 
-   from /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgdk-x11-2.0.so.0 
-#11 0x00007ffff7528ad3 in ?? () 
-   from /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgdk-x11-2.0.so.0 
-#12 0x00007ffff752ac71 in gdk_window_process_all_updates () 
-   from /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgdk-x11-2.0.so.0 
-#13 0x00007ffff785e301 in ?? () 
-   from /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgtk-x11-2.0.so.0 
-#14 0x00007ffff7508286 in ?? () 
-   from /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgdk-x11-2.0.so.0 
-#15 0x00007ffff5454edd in g_main_context_dispatch () from /lib/libglib-2.0.so.0 
-#16 0x00007ffff54556b8 in ?? () from /lib/libglib-2.0.so.0 
-#17 0x00007ffff5455cfa in g_main_loop_run () from /lib/libglib-2.0.so.0 
-#18 0x00007ffff786154b in gtk_dialog_run () 
-   from /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgtk-x11-2.0.so.0 
-#19 0x0000000000421da6 in rstto_xfce_wallpaper_manager_configure_dialog_run ( 
-    self=0x6cb620, file=0xa68b00) at xfce_wallpaper_manager.c:154 
-#20 0x000000000041ff76 in rstto_wallpaper_manager_configure_dialog_run ( 
-    self=0x6cb620, file=0xa68b00) at wallpaper_manager.c:38 
-#21 0x000000000041d689 in cb_rstto_main_window_set_as_wallpaper ( 
-    widget=0x80c810, window=0x66d360) at main_window.c:1890 
-#22 0x00007ffff5d1f03e in g_closure_invoke () from /usr/lib/libgobject-2.0.so.0 
-#23 0x00007ffff5d2fedb in ?? () from /usr/lib/libgobject-2.0.so.0 
-#24 0x00007ffff5d3968a in g_signal_emit_valist () 
-   from /usr/lib/libgobject-2.0.so.0 
-#25 0x00007ffff5d39832 in g_signal_emit () from /usr/lib/libgobject-2.0.so.0 
-#26 0x00007ffff781a683 in ?? () 
-   from /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgtk-x11-2.0.so.0 
-#27 0x00007ffff5d1f03e in g_closure_invoke () from /usr/lib/libgobject-2.0.so.0 
-#28 0x00007ffff5d2f665 in ?? () from /usr/lib/libgobject-2.0.so.0 
-#29 0x00007ffff5d3968a in g_signal_emit_valist () 
-   from /usr/lib/libgobject-2.0.so.0 
-#30 0x00007ffff5d39832 in g_signal_emit () from /usr/lib/libgobject-2.0.so.0 
-#31 0x00007ffff79f44fe in gtk_widget_activate () 
-   from /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgtk-x11-2.0.so.0 
-#32 0x00007ffff78ef87d in gtk_menu_shell_activate_item () 
-   from /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgtk-x11-2.0.so.0 
-#33 0x00007ffff5d1f03e in g_closure_invoke () from /usr/lib/libgobject-2.0.so.0 
-#34 0x00007ffff5d2fced in ?? () from /usr/lib/libgobject-2.0.so.0 
-#35 0x00007ffff5d38c60 in g_signal_emitv () from /usr/lib/libgobject-2.0.so.0 
-#36 0x00007ffff7827d5a in ?? () 
-   from /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgtk-x11-2.0.so.0 
-#37 0x00007ffff78282b8 in ?? () 
-   from /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgtk-x11-2.0.so.0 
-#38 0x00007ffff7828512 in ?? () 
-   from /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgtk-x11-2.0.so.0 
-#39 0x00007ffff782946a in gtk_bindings_activate_event () 
-   from /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgtk-x11-2.0.so.0 
-#40 0x00007ffff78ee928 in ?? () 
-   from /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgtk-x11-2.0.so.0 
-#41 0x00007ffff78e54c2 in ?? () 
-   from /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgtk-x11-2.0.so.0 
-#42 0x00007ffff78dc418 in ?? () 
-   from /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgtk-x11-2.0.so.0 
-#43 0x00007ffff5d1f03e in g_closure_invoke () from /usr/lib/libgobject-2.0.so.0 
-#44 0x00007ffff5d2fced in ?? () from /usr/lib/libgobject-2.0.so.0 
-#45 0x00007ffff5d3944b in g_signal_emit_valist () 
-   from /usr/lib/libgobject-2.0.so.0 
-#46 0x00007ffff5d39832 in g_signal_emit () from /usr/lib/libgobject-2.0.so.0 
-#47 0x00007ffff79f5301 in ?? () 
-   from /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgtk-x11-2.0.so.0 
-#48 0x00007ffff78da686 in gtk_propagate_event () 
-   from /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgtk-x11-2.0.so.0 
-#49 0x00007ffff78da933 in gtk_main_do_event () 
-   from /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgtk-x11-2.0.so.0 
-#50 0x00007ffff754621c in ?? () 
-   from /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgdk-x11-2.0.so.0 
-#51 0x00007ffff5454edd in g_main_context_dispatch () from /lib/libglib-2.0.so.0 
-#52 0x00007ffff54556b8 in ?? () from /lib/libglib-2.0.so.0 
-#53 0x00007ffff5455cfa in g_main_loop_run () from /lib/libglib-2.0.so.0 
-#54 0x00007ffff78d9987 in gtk_main () 
-   from /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgtk-x11-2.0.so.0 
-#55 0x000000000042a36d in main (argc=1, argv=0x7fffffffe428) at main.c:157 
-(gdb) 
-</code> 
-将它复制到一个文本文件中，并把它添加到 https://bugzilla.xfce.org/ 的 bug 报告。 
- 
-但如果回溯的最后一行以 0x000000000000（空指针）开始， then the backtrace is not of any good。应用程序跳转到一个空指针，然后在内存里瞎跑一阵最后死掉。如果是这种情况，请尝试使用 valgrind 。 --（未完待续）