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zh-cn:howto:xfwm4_theme [2012/04/29 03:59] – created haobug | zh-cn:howto:xfwm4_theme [2013/04/21 12:23] – [Xfwm 4.2 新功能] haobug | ||
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- | ====== Xfwm4 theme how-to ====== | + | ====== Xfwm4 主题 |
- | ===== Introduction | + | ===== 介绍 |
- | Xfwm4, Xfce4' | + | |
- | {{ howto: | + | Xfwm4 是 Xfce4 的原生的窗口管理器,它使用一种简单而灵活基于像素图的主题引擎,使用 |
- | ===== Themes locations ===== | + | {{ howto:xfwm4: |
- | In Xfwm4 version 4.0, the themes are searched in the following directories: | + | |
- | * User's home dir / | + | ===== 主题的存放位置 ===== |
- | * System' | + | |
- | In Xfwm version | + | 在 Xfwm4 版本 |
- | * User's home dir / | + | * 用户主目录/.themes/xfwm4/theme_name(例如: '' |
- | * System' | + | * 系统共享数据目录/xfwm4/theme_name(例如: '' |
+ | 在 Xfwm 版本 4.2 中,主题的存放位置是符合标准的,在下列目录搜索: | ||
+ | * 用户主目录/ | ||
+ | * 系统共享数据目录/ | ||
- | ===== Titlebar decorations | + | ===== 标题栏修饰 |
- | As windows can be in either active ((focused)) or inactive ((unfocused)) states for which xfwm4 use pixmaps named accordingly e.g. title-1-active.xpm and title-1-inactive.xpm. | + | |
- | For title bar decorations, | + | 因为窗口可以处于激活的((获得焦点))或者非激活((失去焦点))两种状态。所以 |
- | {{ howto: | + | 对于标题栏的修饰,xfwm4 使用 5 张名为 title-1-active.xpm 到 title-5-active.xpm 的像素图以及 top-left-active.xpm 和 top-right-active.xpm 组成两端的角如下图所示。 |
- | Pixmaps of a xfwm4 window | + | {{ howto:xfwm4:xfwm4-window-pixmaps.gif |图 2 - 构成整个窗口的像素图}} |
- | The same naming convention is true for unfocused windows with the word inactive substituted.e.g. title-1-inactive.xpm | + | |
- | Title text colour and shadow options, alignment etc are set in the themerc file (detailed in the themerc section). | + | 非激活 xfwm4 窗口像素图使用一样的命名约定,只是单词换为 inactive;例如,title-1-inactive.xpm。 |
+ | 标题文字的颜色和阴影选项,对齐方式等在 themerc 文件中设置(在 themerc 小节详述)。 | ||
+ | ===== 窗口侧边和底部 ===== | ||
- | ===== Window Sidebars and bottom ===== | + | 每一个窗口的侧边由两个像素图构成。左侧边的像素图叫 |
- | Each side of a window is made up of two pixmaps. The pixmaps on the left side are named left-active.xpm | + | |
- | The Window bottom grab bar is made up of bottom-active.xpm | + | 窗口底部的控制条由 |
- | N.B These pixmaps also make up the mouse grab handles so keep that in mind when deciding how many pixels wide they should be (particularly the bottom-left and bottom right pixmaps which make up the main resize handles on the windows). | + | 注意:这些像素图也构成鼠标控制柄,当你决定它们需要多少像素宽度时,请记住这一点(特别是左下和右下像素图,它们构成窗口主要的缩放控制柄)。 |
- | Xfwm4 Buttons | + | |
- | Xfwm4 can use up to six action buttons - stick (sticky windows), menu, shade, hide, maximize and close. | + | ===== Xfwm4 按钮 ===== |
- | Buttons have active | + | xfwm4 最多可以使用 6 种动作按钮 —— stick(sticky 窗口),菜单,折叠,隐藏,最大化和关闭。 |
- | AbiWord Image menu-active.gif | + | |
- | ^ Figure | + | 按钮有激活的((获得焦点))或者非激活((失去焦点))和按下三种状态。如图 3 所示: |
+ | AbiWord 图片 menu-active.gif AbiWord 图片 menu-inactive.gif AbiWord 图片 image_2.gif | ||
+ | ^ 图 3 - Xfwm4 按钮状态 | ||
| {{howto: | | {{howto: | ||
- | Xfwm4 can also used " | + | Xfwm4 也使用'' |
- | AbiWord | + | |
- | ^ Figure | + | ^ 图 4 - 带额外切换按钮的粘附按钮 |
- | | {{howto: | + | | |
- | ===== Themerc file ===== | + | ===== themerc 文件 |
- | To set features such as title text colors, " | + | xfwm4 使用 '' |
- | ==== Button layout | + | ==== 按钮布局 |
- | It is also possible to " | + | |
+ | 也可以为特定主题定义'' | ||
# button_layout : | # button_layout : | ||
# O = Option menu | # O = Option menu | ||
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button_layout=OTS|HMC | button_layout=OTS|HMC | ||
- | A working example of this is the "B5" theme which only uses the close button. i.e. the entry "button_layout=C|" in the themerc file. | + | 现实的例子是,'' |
- | ==== Title width ==== | + | ==== 标题宽度 |
- | Another setting that needs to be set from the " | + | |
- | When set to "true", the center pixmap is repeated so that it fills the entire window width : | + | 另外一个需要在 '' |
+ | |||
+ | 当设置为 '' | ||
{{ howto: | {{ howto: | ||
- | When set to "false", the center pixmap is repeated | + | 当设置为 '' |
{{ howto: | {{ howto: | ||
- | ==== Text shadow | + | ==== 文本阴影 |
- | A shadow can be added to the title text by setting the boolean value "title_shadow_active" for the focused window, and "title_shadow_inactive" for the other unfocused windows. | + | |
+ | 通过设置 '' | ||
+ | |||
+ | 可用的值为:'' | ||
- | Possible values are " | + | ==== 标题偏移 ==== |
- | ==== Title offset ==== | + | 标题文本的位置,可以用偏移量来调整以适应主题设计。水平和垂直偏移的值可以用下面的设置项来调整: |
- | The title text position can be adjusted to fit the theme design by using the offset values. The horizontal and vertical values can be adjusted by using the following settings: | + | |
* title_horizontal_offset | * title_horizontal_offset | ||
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* title_vertical_offset_inactive | * title_vertical_offset_inactive | ||
- | ==== Button offset and spacing ==== | ||
- | Simlilarily, | ||
- | The " | + | ==== 按钮偏移和间距 ==== |
+ | 同样地,可以通过使用“按钮偏移量”设置按钮的水平移动。这没有什么用,偏移值是相对的应用程序窗口的边框的,而不是 frame 边框。 | ||
- | ===== Gtk Color pickup | + | '' |
- | As you have no doubt noticed when using Xfwm4' | + | ===== 借用 GTK 颜色 |
+ | 你肯定已经注意到,当使用安装 xfwm4 的默认主题,主题可以“借用” GTK 主题颜色。不只是运行 GIMP 然后画按钮。大多数主题使用颜色符号表。这意味着 | ||
- | The color symbols are as follow : | + | 颜色符号表如下: |
- | ^ Name ^ Description | + | ^ 名称 |
- | | active_text_color | Text color on title for active window | + | | active_text_color | 激活窗口的标题文本颜色 |
- | | inactive_text_color | Text color on title for inactive window | + | | inactive_text_color | 非激活窗口的标题文本颜色 |
- | | active_border_color | Very rarely used usually set to black | | + | | active_border_color | 很少使用,一般设置为黑色 |
- | | inactive_border_color | Idem | | + | | inactive_border_color | 同上 |
- | | active_color_1 | Background color for active title | | + | | active_color_1 | 激活标题的背景颜色 |
- | | active_color_2 | Background color for active window | + | | active_color_2 | 激活窗口的背景颜色 |
- | | active_hilight_1 | Lighter color for active title for 3D look | | + | | active_hilight_1 | 激活标题的浅颜色,表现 |
- | | active_hilight_2 | Lighter color for active window | + | | active_hilight_2 | 激活窗口的浅颜色 |
- | | active_mid_1 | Slightly darker color for active title | | + | | active_mid_1 | 激活标题的深一点的颜色 |
- | | active_mid_2 | Slightly darker color for active window | + | | active_mid_2 | 激活窗口的深一点的颜色 |
- | | active_shadow_1 | Darker color for active title for 3D look | | + | | active_shadow_1 | 激活标题的深颜色,表现 |
- | | active_shadow_2 | Darker color for active window | + | | active_shadow_2 | 激活窗口的深颜色 |
- | | inactive_color_1 | Background color for inactive title | | + | | inactive_color_1 | 非激活标题的背景颜色| |
- | | inactive_color_2 | Background color for inactive window | + | | inactive_color_2 | 非激活窗口的背景颜色 |
- | | inactive_hilight_1 | Lighter color for inactive title for 3D look | | + | | inactive_hilight_1 | 非激活标题的浅颜色,表现 |
- | | inactive_hilight_2 | Lighter color for inactive window | + | | inactive_hilight_2 | 非激活窗口的浅颜色 |
- | | inactive_mid_1 | Slightly darker color for inactive title | | + | | inactive_mid_1 | 非激活标题的深一点的颜色 |
- | | inactive_mid_2 | Slightly darker color for inactive window | + | | inactive_mid_2 | 非激活窗口的深一点的颜色 |
- | | inactive_shadow_1 | Darker color for inactive title for 3D look | | + | | inactive_shadow_1 | 非激活标题的深颜色,表现 |
- | | inactive_shadow_2 | Darker color for inactive window | + | | inactive_shadow_2 | 非激活窗口的深颜色 |
- | The symbols get replaced by the actual color values at runtime so that the window borders inherits | + | 这些符号在运行时被实际的色彩值替换,窗口的边框自动继承 |
- | Xpm file format used natively by xfwm4 is no more than a plain text file that can be edited with your favorite text editor. | + | xfwm4 原生使用的 xpm 文件格式,不过是一个纯文本文件,你可以用你喜欢的文本编辑器编辑它。 |
- | ===== From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. ===== | ||
- | XPM (X PixMap) is an ASCII image format used by the X Window System. It was created in 1989 by Daniel Dardailler and Colas Nahaboo working in Inria Laboratories, | ||
- | Therefore, if you open an xpm file with your favorite text editor, you'll see something like this: | + | ===== 维基百科,自由的百科全书 ===== |
+ | XPM(X PixMap)是一种 X Window 系统使用的 ASCII 图像格式。它由法国 Inria 实验室的 Daniel Dardailler 和 Colas Nahaboo 创建于 1989 年,随后由 Arnaud Le Hors 改进。其主要目的是为创建图标和支持透明色。它结构简单,源于早前 XBM 语法。可以用任何文本编辑器创建和编辑,并可以被包含在一个用 C 语言的文件中。 | ||
+ | |||
+ | 因此,如果用你喜欢的文本编辑器打开的 XPM 文件,你会看到这样的东西: | ||
/* XPM */ | /* XPM */ | ||
Line 173: | Line 175: | ||
" | " | ||
- | Not going too deep into the details of the XPM format, an XPM image is made of different sections, the values that describe the format of the image, the colors that compose the image, the pixels (and there is also the extensions, but it's safe to ignore them for now) | + | 不要过深关注 |
- | A character is assigned to each color of the image (if the image has more colors than available charaters, then more than a single character can be assiged to a colors). | + | 每一种图像的颜色分配一个字符(如果图像具有超过可用的字符的颜色,则分配多个字符给一种颜色)。如果指定了颜色符号,指定的颜色将被忽略,并且被给定的颜色符号表中相应的颜色替换。 |
- | To get the gtk colors applied to your theme, you need to edit the XPM files and add the proper color symbols to the color definition table. | + | 要应用 GTK 颜色到你的主题,你需要编辑 |
" | " | ||
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" | " | ||
- | must be changed to | + | 必须修改为 |
" | " | ||
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" | " | ||
- | As a matter of fact, " | + | 事实上," |
+ | ===== Xfwm 4.2 新功能 ===== | ||
+ | 由于格式简单,XPM 颜色的符号替换表不是很强大,不足以展现在新近的主题中的漂亮的颜色渐变。 | ||
+ | 所以 Xfwm 4.2 包括另一项功能,在仍然与以前的主题格式兼容的情况下取得更好的效果:从XPM 文件和它的颜色替换表,及另一个具有透明效果的 PNG 文件(如果存在的话)生成最终的图像。 | ||
+ | 图像上获得分层XPM图像的顶部 | ||
+ | {{ howto: | ||
+ | PNG 文件的文件名和相应的 XPM 文件的文件名相同,以 “PNG” 为扩展名(即 title-1-active.png 的,top-right-inactive.png 等等)。PNG 文件不是必须的,如果它不存在,xfwm4 won't complain,但如果有一个 PNG 图像 XPM 图像的名称相同,并且具有 alpha 通道(即,有半透明的像素)的 PNG 图像将被自动叠加到 XPM 图像的上面来产生最终的图像。 | ||
- | ===== Xfwm 4.2 new functionality ===== | + | 这种技术有几个优点: |
- | As simple as it is, the color symbol replacement table of the XPM format is not powerfull enough to achive the nice color gradients seen in most recent themes. | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Xfwm 4.2 includes yet another functionality that gives real nice result while being still compatible with the previous theme format: It composes the final image from the XPM file and it colors replacement table, and another PNG file with transparency, | + | |
- | + | ||
- | {{ howto: | + | |
- | + | ||
- | The names of the PNG files are identical to the names of the corresponding XPM files, with the " | + | |
- | + | ||
- | This technique has several advantages: | + | |
- | + | ||
- | * It's fairly simple from a theme designer point of view, most people are working with similar techniques when composing themes with tools such as [[http:// | + | |
- | * It's backward compatible with xfwm4 from Xfce 4.0, the PNG files are just ignored by xfwm4 4.0. | + | |
+ | * 从主题设计者的角度来看,这相当简单的,大多数人在用工具(比如 [[http:// | ||
+ | * 这是向后兼容 Xfce4.0 xfwm4 的,xfwm4 4.0 会直接忽略 PNG 文件。 | ||
===== Conclusion ===== | ===== Conclusion ===== | ||
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===== Credits ===== | ===== Credits ===== | ||
This how-to has been started by Drewbian (drewbian at tsn dot cc) and later modifed by Olivier Fourdan (fourdan at xfce dot org). | This how-to has been started by Drewbian (drewbian at tsn dot cc) and later modifed by Olivier Fourdan (fourdan at xfce dot org). | ||
+ |